• The wide majority of ideas, discoveries and professional achievements are non-patentable (e.g. the ones which scientists and academics disclose in scientific journals and for which they get tenure positions). • Non-patentable categories covered by PRIORITY-CLAIMS and PRIORITY-CERTIFICATES: (1). ideas, (2). discoveries, (3). strategies, (4). solutions to problems, (5). explanations, (6) thesis, hypothesis or conjectures, (7). theories, (8). mathematical proofs, (9). mathematical / computer models for engineering, physical, biological systems, (10). early stage not-enabled inventions, and(11). professional achievements (e.g. first to perform a certain surgical or medical procedure).

Examples of priority-claims in a wide range of fields: Information Sciences & technology A person may file a priority-claim that she/he is the first to propose: • a certain strategy or regulation protecting against identity theft   • a certain strategy or regulation ensuring the fair assigning / use of internet resources • a strategy for ensuring that internet providers comply with the network neutrality rules • a strategy or law / regulation for reducing email spam • a strategy / law for reducing spyware Biological Sciences A person may file a priority-claim that she/he is the first to propose: • the thesis that a specific disease is due to deficiency of vitamin B1 • the thesis that a specific molecular mechanism is associated with cell communication • a theory explaining the proliferation of cancer cells A person may file a priority-claim for the: • discovery of a certain protein-like structure in an unusual deep sea bacteria • discovery of a new type of bacteria living in hot springs and capable of surviving high temperatures   • discovery that a certain protein is involved in the mechanism of ionic absorption in cells • discovery that a disease is correlated with a certain genetic mutation • discovery of a mechanism associated with the inhibition of cancer cell growth • discovery of a phenomenon associated with DNA replication • discovery of a certain chemical reaction in a specific metabolic pathways Medicine A person may file a priority-claim asserting that he/she is: • the first to perform a certain surgical procedure • the first to perform a certain type of heart / eye / kidney transplant • the first to perform a certain type of therapy (may be a therapy extended over six months) • the first to perform a certain diagnostic / imaging procedure • the first to use a certain treatment method on a type-2 diabetes person A person may file a priority-claim that she/he is the first to propose: • a certain new therapy or treatment method • a certain new strategy for treating a specific disease • a thesis that a disease is caused by a specific genetic mutation • the use of a certain steroid for treating a certain disease • a new medical imaging method based on a certain physical phenomenon Economics A person may file a priority-claim that she/he is the first to propose: • a specific theory for evaluating the effects of increasing minimum wage • a specific theory explaining the subprime mortgage market collapse • a specific law or legal frame for stimulating economic growth • a legal frame eliminating conflicts of interest affecting credit rating agencies   • a specific strategy for decreasing income disparity and reducing poverty • a strategy for integrating persons with disabilities into the work force Business, Management & Accounting A person may file a priority-claim that she/he is the first to propose: • a new business strategy or procedure • a new management strategy and/or method • a new accounting procedure Healthcare Administration & Public Health A person may file a priority-claim that she/he is the first to propose: • a strategy for monitoring the needs of persons with disabilities • a strategy for reducing the number of unnecessary surgeries • a procedure for reducing the probability of missed diagnosis in emergency departments • a method for protecting against over-billing • a procedure/strategy for exchanging medical records between hospitals • a strategy for protecting patient privacy and for protecting against theft of medical records • a medical insurance procedure or strategy Physics & Astronomy In physics and astronomy a person may assert, via a priority-claim, that she/he is: • the first to measure the mass of a fundamental particle • the first to discover a new type of galactic pulsars • the first to observe and photograph a galaxy, the rings of a certain planet, or a black hole • the first to calculate a constant associated with the big-bang • the first to predict super-conductivity in a certain material • the first to calculate the reaction time in nuclear fission Environmental Sciences In the earth and atmospheric sciences, a person may assert, via a priority-claim, that she/he is: • the first proponent of the thesis that the global decrease in bee population is due to the use of a certain fertilizer • the first to discover ozone depletion in the stratosphere • the first proponent of a specific theory explaining formation of tornadoes • the first to explain global warming cycles • the first to calculate the global increase in atmospheric temperature Social Work & Public Policy In social sciences and public policy, a person may assert, via a priority-claim, that she/he is: • the first proponent of a new strategy for reducing homelessness • the first proponent of a new psychotherapy method • the first proponent of a new strategy for monitoring the needs of persons with disabilities • the first proponent of a new method for preventing drunk driving • the first proponent of a method for identifying high risk suicide teenagers • the first proponent of a specific method for training service dogs for the elderly Education & Training In education and training, a person may assert, via a priority-claim, that she/he is: • the first proponent of a specific new training method • the first proponent of a new method for evaluating the needs of students with disabilities • the first proponent of a new method for testing students suffering from dyslexia and/or autism • the first proponent of a certain method for preventing bullying in schools Law & Legal Sciences In the legal field, a person may assert, via a priority-claim, that she/he is: • the first proponent of a certain legal argument • the first proponent of a litigation strategy • the first proponent of a law for improving efficiency at the Social Security Administration • the first proponent of a legal frame eliminating conflicts of interest affecting credit rating agencies • the first proponent of a specific law or legal frame for lowering healthcare costs Diplomacy In diplomacy, a person may assert, via a priority-claim, that she/he is: • the first proponent of a solution to an international political crisis • the first proponent of a certain provision / stipulation in a trade agreement • the first proponent of a mechanism for enforcing an intellectual property treaty Anthropology In anthropology, a person may assert, via a priority-claim, that she/he is: • the first proponent of the thesis that life first appeared in hot springs Mathematics In mathematics, a person may assert, via a priority-claim, that she/he is: • the first to find a solution to a problem • the first to propose a strategy for solving a certain system of differential equations • the first to find a certain proof of a theorem • the first to propose an algorithm for finding fast converging solutions of a certain differential equation